Pre-Quiz: Hypertensive Urgency and Emergency Management

A 60-year-old female with a history of uncontrolled hypertension presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. Her blood pressure on arrival is 215/125 mmHg. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the head reveals an intracranial hemorrhage. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for initial treatment of this patient’s hypertensive emergency?

A 65-year-old female with a history of uncontrolled hypertension presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of severe chest pain radiating to the back. Her blood pressure on arrival is 210/115 mmHg. A computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a dissection of the ascending aorta. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for the initial treatment of this patient’s hypertensive emergency?

A 58-year-old male with a history of uncontrolled hypertension presents to the emergency department with a severe headache, blurred vision, and shortness of breath. His blood pressure on arrival is 220/130 mmHg. Further examination reveals papilledema on fundoscopy and bilateral crackles on lung auscultation. The patient’s past medical history includes type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. He reports non-adherence to his antihypertensive medications. In managing this hypertensive emergency, which of the following medications is most appropriate for initial treatment?

A 55-year-old male with a history of uncontrolled hypertension presents to the emergency department with chest pain and shortness of breath. His blood pressure on arrival is 200/120 mmHg. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF, suggesting an inferior wall myocardial infarction. Based on the patient’s presentation, which of the following best defines a hypertensive emergency?

A 68-year-old female with a history of uncontrolled hypertension presents to the emergency department with severe headache, confusion, and blurred vision. Her blood pressure on arrival is 220/130 mmHg. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the head reveals a small intracerebral hemorrhage. Based on the patient’s presentation, which of the following is the main goal of treatment for hypertensive emergencies?